Iyo Evolution kubva kuStandard Crystal Oscillators kuenda kuTCXO uye OCXO
Mafambiro acho kubva kune akajairwa makristaro oscillator kusvika kune tembiricha{{0}yakatsiva makristaro oscillator (TCXOs) neovheni-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXOs) inotaridza kuenderera mberi kwevanhu kutsvaga kugadzikana kwepamusoro uye kutonga chaiko munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa.
Muna 1921, Walter Guyton Cady akawana kuti makristasi equartz aigona kushanda semaresonators, achiratidza kuzvarwa kweiyo standard crystal oscillator. Kunyangwe kurongeka kwayo kwakaringana kwaive kuvandudza kwakakura pamusoro pemaoscillator ekutanga, yakaramba ichibatwa nekusiyana kwetembiricha, zvichitungamira kune frequency kudonha.
Sezvo nzvimbo dzakaita sedzekufambiswa kwemashoko nemauto dzichida kugadzikana kwakanyanya, tembiricha-yakabhadharwa crystal oscillator (TCXO) yakagadzirwa. TCXO inosanganisa dunhu remuripo rinoshandisa tembiricha-zvinonzwa zvinhu, zvakaita semathermistors, kugadzirisa mafambisirwo ezvinobuda nenguva chaiyo, zvinonyatso kurwisa kutsauka kwefrequency kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwetembiricha uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakanyanya kubuda pasi pemamiriro ekupisa akasiyana.
Nezvezvishandiso zvinoda kunyatsojeka, oveni-inodzorwa crystal oscillator (OCXO) yakagadziridzwa nekunatswa. Iyo OCXO inogara kristaro mukati mevheni yakanyatso tariswa, ichiichengeta pakupisa nguva dzose. Iyi nzira inoderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwekunze kwekushisa kushanduka pane frequency kugadzikana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maOCXO anopa kugadzikana kurinani kurinani pane akajairwa makristaro oscillator uye maTCXOs, pamwe nekugadzikana kwenguva refu-kugadzikana kwechikamu uye hunhu hweruzha rwepasi.
Uku kushanduka kwetekinoroji kunobva mukudiwa kuri kukura kwekurongeka, kugadzikana, uye kuvimbika mukudzora ma frequency mukati mepamberi emagetsi masisitimu. Chinangwa changa chiri chekugadzira maoscillator anokwanisa kushanda munzvimbo dziri kuramba dzichioma uye dzinonetsa, achizadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemaapplication akakosha akadai sesatellite communications, global positioning systems (GPS), uye-zvinomhanyisa dhijitari network.
Mumakore achangopfuura, hutsva hwakaramba huchienderera mberi: dual oven{0}controlled crystal oscillators (DOCXOs) zvakawedzera kugadzikana; tekinoroji yemuripo wedhijitari yave kuwedzera kubatanidzwa mune ese maTCXOs uye OCXOs kuti agone kuita basa; uye tekinoroji diki{{1}yeelectromechanical systems (MEMS) yakavhura nzira itsva dzekuita madiki uye mabhindauko ekuita mumakristaro oscillator.